As a word fractal is not frequently used in conversation. As a concept fractal is frequently present in our lives. Its presence is evident in nature. The concept of a fractal was established in large part by the work of Benoit Mandelbrot, a mathematician whose work covered a wide and diverse number of disciplines.  Perhaps the most notable example of how he established the concept of a fractal was his study of England’s coastlines.

Framing is how situations are presented to people. How situations are presented affect the decisions that people make. Framing has a role in the work of FP&A practitioners. FP&A practitioners can work through narrow frames.  Narrow frames can appear on income statements through revenues from specific products, executive salaries, and equipment depreciation.

The Physics of Wall Street by James Owen Weatherall is an interesting story about the influence of physics in finance.  FP&A practitioners can find material in this book to help them improve their work.  For me three areas of the book serve as meaningful reference material.

Heuristics are rules of thumb.  Psychologist Gerd Gigerenzer believes heuristics are a necessary part of an individual’s decision making process.  Heuristics can be used in FP&A as a way to make decisions about how organizations earn revenues and incur expenses. Here is a heuristic that I use to make decisions about how organizations earn revenues: